The detailed phylogeny of vascular plants has been made possible through the widespread use of DNA sequencing. This tree follows Soltis et al. (2011) for angiosperms, with minor modifications from subsequent detailed studies of some clades, and Qi et al. (2018) for moniliforms (ferns and allied groups). The branching order implies relative common ancestry among families, but the branch lengths do not imply anything about age of the clades.

Soltis, D. E., S. A. Smith, N. Cellinese, K. J. Wurdack, D. C. Tank, S. F. Brockington, N. F. Refulio-Rodriguez, J. B. Walker, M. J. Moore, B. S. Carlsward, C. D. Bell, M. Latvis, S. Crawley, C. Black, D. Diouf, Z. Xi, C. A. Rushforth, M. A. Gitzendanner, K. J. Sytsma, Y.-L. Qiu, K. W. Hilu, C. C. Davis, M. J. Sanderson, R. S. Beaman, R. G. Olmstead, W. S. Judd, M. J. Donoghue, and P. S. Soltis. 2011. Angiosperm phylogeny: 17-genes, 640 taxa. American Journal of Botany. 98: 704-730.

Qi, X., Kuo, L.-Y., Guo, C., Li, H., Li, X., Qi, J., Wang, L., Hu, Y., Xiang, J., Zhang, C. Guo, J., Huang, C.-H., and Ma, H. 2018. A well-resolved fern nuclear phylogeny reveals the evolution history of numerous transcription factor families. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 127: 961-977.